GANGLION CYSTS (FOOT)
If you suffer from ganglion cysts, please feel free to Schedule an appointment with one of our orthopedic specialists.
What is a ganglion cyst?
The term “ganglion” denotes a knot and describes the knot-like mass or lump that forms beneath the skin’s surface. Ganglion cysts, although benign, can impede joint motion and cause discomfort, particularly when wearing footwear. These cysts can emerge around or near any joint in the body, as they are extensions of the joint capsule that have ballooned outside of the joint and are filled with joint fluid.
They frequently appear in the wrist or on the top or outer foot. Smaller cysts, known as mucous cysts, commonly develop in the tendon sheaths of the extensor tendons. Ganglion cysts can vary in size and may change over time, sometimes becoming more prominent with activity and reducing during rest. While not usually a serious medical condition, they can be bothersome and occasionally require medical intervention to alleviate symptoms or improve joint function.
What causes ganglion cysts?
The exact cause of ganglion cyst formation remains unknown. However, they may result from trauma, whether a single event or repetitive microtrauma. Some researchers believe that joint or tendon irritation could trigger the formation of these cysts. When trauma occurs, it might cause the joint tissue to break down, forming small cysts that then join into a larger, more noticeable mass.
Additionally, repetitive stress on a particular joint or tendon could lead to the degeneration of the surrounding connective tissue, creating an environment conducive to cyst formation. Genetic factors might also play a role, as ganglion cysts can sometimes run in families. Despite the uncertainty about their exact origins, understanding the potential triggers helps in managing and preventing their development. Keeping joints healthy and avoiding repetitive strain could potentially reduce the risk of ganglion cyst formation. While benign, these cysts can cause discomfort and may require treatment if they interfere with daily activities.
What are the symptoms of a ganglion cyst?
A ganglion cyst typically presents with one or more of the following symptoms. Firstly, individuals may notice a lump, which is often the sole symptom experienced. This lump is usually round or oval and can vary in size. Secondly, if the cyst contacts a nerve, they may experience tingling or burning sensations. This nerve involvement can cause significant discomfort and interfere with daily activities.
Additionally, dull pain or aching may manifest, indicating pressure on a tendon or joint. This pain can become more pronounced with joint movement or repetitive use of the affected area. Lastly, difficulty wearing shoes may occur due to irritation from the lump rubbing against the footwear. This is particularly common with cysts located on the foot or ankle. The pressure and friction from the shoe can lead to increased discomfort and swelling. These symptoms, while not typically severe, can impact the quality of life and may necessitate medical evaluation and treatment.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Physicians diagnose these cysts via clinical examination with a specialist. Sometimes, healthcare providers take X-rays to assess surrounding joints for arthritis. An MRI or ultrasound may be conducted to confirm the presence of a fluid-filled ganglion cyst if there is suspicion of a different mass. MRI can also aid in diagnosing a hidden or occult ganglion.
Treatment
Nonsurgical Treatment
If a ganglion cyst causes no pain and does not interfere with walking, the surgeon may decide it is best to carefully monitor the cyst over a period of time. Advising on shoe modifications, such as wearing shoes that do not rub the cyst or cause irritation, and placing a pad inside the shoe to reduce pressure against the cyst, may be recommended.
Additionally, healthcare providers may perform aspiration and injection, which involves draining the fluid and then injecting a steroid medication into the mass. Multiple sessions may be necessary, but despite this approach being successful in some cases, recurrence of the cyst is common.
Surgical Treatment:
Surgical excision is the most definitive treatment for ganglion cysts. Despite excision, ganglion cysts may recur. Typically, surgeons perform ganglion cyst excision in an outpatient surgical setting, with a recovery period of 2-3 weeks. Your foot and ankle surgeon will discuss expectations for recovery with you.
Ganglion Cyst Recovery
Ganglion cyst recovery varies depending on the treatment approach and the individual’s response. Many cysts resolve on their own without intervention, gradually shrinking and disappearing over time. For those requiring treatment, options include aspiration, where a doctor drains the cyst’s fluid using a needle. This procedure often provides immediate relief, though the cyst can recur. Surgical removal is another option, especially for persistent or painful cysts. Post-surgery, patients typically experience a recovery period involving rest and limited use of the affected joint to promote healing.
Physical therapy may be recommended to restore joint function and prevent stiffness. Patients can enhance their recovery by following their doctor’s advice, avoiding repetitive joint stress, and applying ice to reduce swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help manage discomfort during the healing process. Overall, recovery from a ganglion cyst is generally straightforward, with most individuals returning to normal activities without long-term issues.