Arteriovenous Malformation

If you are suffering from arteriovenous malformation, please Schedule an appointment with one of our orthopedic specialists as soon as possible.

What Is An Arteriovenous Malformation?

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels where arteries connect directly to veins, bypassing the standard capillary system. This rare condition disrupts the normal flow of blood, leading to potential complications. Although AVMs can occur anywhere in the body, they most commonly develop in the brain or spinal cord.

 

What Causes an AVM?

The exact cause of an AVM is not always known, but it is generally believed to be present from birth, making it a congenital condition. In some cases, AVMs may result from a genetic mutation; however, they often develop spontaneously without a clear cause. Over time, these abnormal blood vessel connections can enlarge, leading to pressure on surrounding tissues and an increased risk of rupture, particularly in the brain.

 

What Are the Symptoms of Arteriovenous Malformation?

The symptoms of an AVM depend primarily on its size, location, and whether it has ruptured. Many AVMs do not present noticeable symptoms unless they grow large or cause bleeding. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary and may include:

  • Headaches: Persistent or sudden, severe headaches are common, especially with brain AVMs.
  • Seizures: Unexplained seizures can occur when abnormal blood vessels in the brain cause damage.
  • Neurological problems: Weakness or numbness in a limb, difficulty speaking, vision problems, or coordination difficulties.
  • Pain: Depending on the location, pain may occur in the back, limbs, or head.
  • Swelling or tenderness: For AVMs located near the skin or in specific areas of the body, swelling and tenderness may be visible or palpable.

In cases where an AVM ruptures, it can lead to significant bleeding, stroke, or other life-threatening conditions. Immediate medical attention is necessary if these symptoms appear suddenly.

 

How Are Arteriovenous Malformations Diagnosed and Treated?

An AVM is often diagnosed using imaging tests such as MRI, CT scans, or angiography. These methods allow doctors to locate the AVM and assess its size and impact on surrounding tissues.

Treatment for AVMs depends on their size, location, and whether they have ruptured. Options include:

  • Surgical removal: If the AVM is accessible and not deeply embedded, surgery may be performed to remove it.
  • Endovascular embolization: A minimally invasive procedure where a catheter is used to inject a substance into the abnormal blood vessels to block them.
  • Radiosurgery: A non-invasive method using focused radiation to shrink the AVM over time.

 

What Are the Orthopedic Considerations for Arteriovenous Malformation?

Although an AVM affects the vascular system, the resulting neurological and physical impairments can have orthopedic implications. Patients may experience weakness, paralysis, or coordination issues, which may require physical therapy or orthopedic rehabilitation to regain mobility and function.

At our clinic, we provide comprehensive care for patients with AVMs, collaborating closely with specialists to address both the neurological and orthopedic challenges associated with this condition.

 

If you would like to speak with an Orthopedic Specialist, please call us at 817-697-4038 or contact us online. Telemedicine appointments are also available.