Kyphosis

If you suffer from persistent back pain, visible spinal curvature, or postural imbalance Schedule an appointment with one of our orthopedic specialists as soon as possible.

What is Kyphosis?

Kyphosis refers to an excessive forward curvature of the upper spine, leading to a rounded or hunched posture. The condition can range from mild to severe and may affect people of all ages. Left untreated, kyphosis can cause discomfort, reduced mobility, and progressive spinal deformity.

Understanding Kyphosis

Recognizing and understanding kyphosis is essential for early detection and proper treatment. With timely evaluation, patients can prevent further progression and reduce the likelihood of long-term complications.

There are three main types of kyphosis:

  • Congenital kyphosis – present at birth due to abnormal spine formation.

  • Postural kyphosis – caused by poor posture and muscle imbalance.

  • Scheuermann’s kyphosis – a structural deformity seen primarily in adolescents during growth spurts.

 

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Congenital Kyphosis

Congenital kyphosis develops during fetal growth when the vertebrae form or fuse abnormally. Though exact causes are unclear, genetic factors, maternal smoking, or certain medications during pregnancy may contribute to spinal malformation.

 

2. Postural Kyphosis

This is the most common and often the most reversible form. It results from poor posture, such as slouching, prolonged sitting, or carrying heavy backpacks.
Risk factors include:

    • Sedentary lifestyle or lack of exercise

    • Occupations requiring extended sitting or standing

    • Poor ergonomics or inadequate back support

 

3. Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

Scheuermann’s disease causes wedging of the vertebrae during adolescence, creating a rigid, exaggerated curve. The exact cause remains unclear, but hereditary and developmental factors are often involved.

 

Symptoms of Kyphosis

Common symptoms include:

  • Rounded upper back or noticeable hump

  • Forward head posture

  • Muscle stiffness or fatigue

  • Back or neck pain (especially in severe cases)

  • Reduced flexibility or mobility

Severe kyphosis may also cause nerve compression or breathing difficulties in advanced cases.

 

Diagnosis

Clinical Evaluation

A specialist will conduct a thorough physical examination, review your medical history, and assess your posture, flexibility, and spinal alignment.

Imaging Studies

Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans, helps determine the severity, structure, and exact angle of spinal curvature. This allows physicians to plan the most effective treatment.

 

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Management

  • Physical Therapy & Postural Exercises: Strengthening back and core muscles helps correct posture and improve flexibility.

  • Bracing: For growing adolescents or mild cases, spinal braces can help prevent curve progression and alleviate discomfort.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be recommended for severe or progressive cases that cause significant pain, neurological symptoms, or risk to internal organs.
Common procedures include:

  • Spinal fusion to realign and stabilize the spine

  • Osteotomy (bone reshaping)

  • Vertebral column resection for complex deformities

The primary goals are to reduce pain, correct the curve, and restore function.

 

Long-Term Care and Prevention

  • Maintain good posture and ergonomic practices during sitting, standing, and lifting.

  • Engage in regular exercise to strengthen back and abdominal muscles.

  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress.

  • Use ergonomic workstations and supportive chairs when possible.

 

 

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

If you notice a visible curvature, chronic back pain, or stiffness that limits your movement, don’t wait. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent permanent spinal changes.

 

If you have any questions for our Texas-based orthopedic specialists, please call us at 817-697-4038 or contact us online. Telemedicine appointments are also available.