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Phalangeal Fracture Fixation

If you need a phalangeal fracture fixation, please Schedule an appointment with one of our orthopedic specialists as soon as possible.

What is Phalangeal Fracture Fixation?

Phalangeal fractures commonly affect the bones of the fingers and toes. Various causes, including trauma from falls, sports injuries, direct blows, or accidents, can lead to these fractures. The severity of phalangeal fractures varies, ranging from simple, non-displaced fractures to more complex, displaced fractures that require surgical intervention. Fixating these fractures is essential for restoring proper alignment, function, and mobility to the affected digit.

Causes and Types of Phalangeal Fractures

Phalangeal fractures typically occur due to direct trauma to the fingers or toes. For instance, jamming a finger, crushing injuries, or fractures from sports impacts are common causes. Doctors categorize these fractures based on location and displacement:

  • Distal Phalanx Fractures – These occur at the tip of the finger or toe, usually caused by direct blows or crush injuries.
  • Middle Phalanx Fractures – These affect the middle segment of the finger, often resulting from bending or twisting injuries.
  • Proximal Phalanx Fractures – These involve the base of the finger or toe, typically caused by high-energy trauma or forceful impacts.

Fractures can be either non-displaced (where the bone remains aligned) or displaced (where the bone fragments misalign). Displaced fractures are generally more complicated and often require surgery to realign the bones properly.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role in determining the best treatment approach. The initial evaluation begins with a physical examination, during which the physician assesses tenderness, swelling, and deformity. Next, X-rays help confirm the type, location, and displacement of the fracture. In some cases, CT scans or MRIs may be necessary for a more detailed evaluation, particularly when soft tissue or ligament involvement is suspected.

Surgical Fixation

Displaced phalangeal fractures or those with multiple fragments usually require surgical fixation to restore normal anatomy and function. The primary goals of fixation are to:

  • Achieve proper alignment of the bones
  • Stabilize the fracture site
  • Prevent complications like stiffness, arthritis, or deformity

Techniques for Fixation:

  • K-wire (Kirschner wire) Fixation: This common method stabilizes fractures, especially in the distal and middle phalanges. Surgeons insert small metal pins (K-wires) through the bone to hold the fragments together. The technique is minimally invasive and ensures stable fixation.

  • Screw Fixation: Surgeons use screws for more complex fractures, particularly those involving the proximal phalanx. This technique provides strong internal fixation and facilitates quicker rehabilitation.

  • Plate and Screw Fixation: For more severe cases, surgeons may use a small plate attached to the bone with screws to maintain alignment during healing. This method is ideal for fractures with multiple fragments or those requiring extra stability.

Rehabilitation and Recovery

After surgical fixation, the hand or foot usually remains immobilized in a splint or cast to encourage healing. During the initial healing phase, patients must avoid stressing the affected finger or toe. Once the immobilization period ends, doctors typically recommend physical therapy to restore strength, mobility, and flexibility. Rehabilitation exercises often include gentle range-of-motion activities and strengthening exercises as the bone heals.

With proper fixation and rehabilitation, most patients make a full recovery from phalangeal fractures. However, recovery outcomes depend on factors like fracture type, fixation method, and the patient’s commitment to post-surgical care. While some patients may experience lingering stiffness or discomfort, they generally regain function over time, allowing them to return to normal activities.

 

If you would like to speak to an Orthopedic Specialist, give us a call at 817-697-4038, or contact us over the web. Tele-medicine appointments are also available.