Chiari Malformation

If you experience an chiari malformation, please Schedule an appointment with one of our orthopedic specialists as soon as possible.

What Is A Chiari Malformation?

Chiari malformation is a neurological condition in which brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, disrupting the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and affecting the function of both the brain and spinal cord. This typically occurs when part of the cerebellum—the region of the brain responsible for coordination and balance—pushes downward into the upper spinal canal. The severity of symptoms can range from mild to debilitating.

At our clinics, orthopedic specialists work closely with neurologists and neurosurgeons to deliver comprehensive care for patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation.

 

What Are the Types of Chiari Malformation?

Chiari malformations are classified into four main types based on the degree and nature of brain tissue displacement:

  • Type I Chiari Malformation: The most common and often asymptomatic type. It involves the cerebellar tonsils extending into the spinal canal and may not be detected until adolescence or adulthood.

  • Type II Chiari Malformation (Arnold-Chiari Malformation): A more pronounced herniation, typically identified in infants or young children, often associated with hydrocephalus and spina bifida.

  • Type III Chiari Malformation: A rare and severe form involving significant brain tissue protrusion through a defect in the skull, leading to life-threatening complications.

  • Type IV Chiari Malformation: The rarest and most critical type, characterized by an underdeveloped or missing cerebellum.

What Causes Chiari Malformation?

Chiari malformation is most often congenital, meaning it develops during fetal growth. However, other causes or risk factors may include:

  • Genetic predisposition or family history

  • Abnormal fetal brain development

  • Traumatic injury to the head or neck

  • Secondary conditions such as brain tumors or fluid accumulation

 

What Are the Symptoms of Chiari Malformation?

Symptoms of Chiari malformation vary depending on the type and severity. Some individuals may not experience symptoms until later in life, while others, especially in more severe cases, may require early intervention. Common symptoms include:

  • Persistent headaches (often worsened by coughing or straining)

  • Neck pain and stiffness

  • Difficulty with balance or walking

  • Numbness or tingling in the limbs

  • Blurred or double vision

  • Muscle weakness

  • Difficulty speaking or swallowing

 

How Is Chiari Malformation Treated?

Treatment options for Chiari malformation depend on the individual’s symptoms and the extent of the brain tissue displacement. They may include:

  • Monitoring and Conservative Care: Mild cases may only require observation and pain management.

  • Surgical Intervention: In moderate to severe cases, a decompression surgery may be necessary. This procedure relieves pressure on the brain and spinal cord by removing a small portion of the bone at the back of the skull or spinal column, thereby restoring normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow.

Patients receiving treatment often benefit from a collaborative care approach involving orthopedic specialists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists.

 

If you would like to speak with an Orthopedic Specialist, please call us at 817-697-4038 or contact us online. Telemedicine appointments are also available.